The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia

Mussa Abdula Ibro

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17

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The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia

Mussa Abdula Ibro^*

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 30 June 2025 Accepted: 16 July 2025 Published: 19 December 2025

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Abstract

Different soil and water conservation (SWC) measures have been constructed on farmlands to control runoff surface water, erosion, sedimentation and conserve soil and water on agricultural fields. This study was entitled with: the effects of level soil bund structure on selected soil properties at Menentela watershed, Habru District North Wello Amhara Regional National State, Ethiopia. Objectives of the study includes: to assess the status of selected soil physico-chemical properties under the two adjacent treatments: treated with LSB (Deko) and none-treated (Doba), to observe the persons correlations between the studied soil properties and further to examine their variations with soil depth. The total of 48 composite soil samples (2 treatments * 3 replications*4 sample plots*2 depth layers: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) were collected and analyzed for soil (%STF), soil MC %, soil BD g/cm³, soil pH (1:2.5 soil: water ratio), SOC %) and CEC meq/100g. Also the total of 48 soil samples were separately collected for the determination of soil bulk density and soil moisture contents. Results had showed that sand, clay, MC and BD were significantly varied with treatments (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.018, respectively). These parameters also showed significant differences with soil depth. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) had showed differences with soil depth (P=0.005), but not with treatment (P=0.63). Sand%, silt% and bulk density (BD g/cm³) were the higher in the non-treated farmlands (35.85±0.32, 33.35±0.25 and 1.13±0.02, respectively) than under LSB treated farmlands, while clay, and MC were lower in non-treated farmlands. Silt and clay were declined with soil depth, while, sand, soil MC and soil BD were increased with soil depth. The mean value of soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher under LSB than none-treated farmlands. Moreover, soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher (6.72±0.04, 0.58±0.04 and 34.59±1.18) in the top of 0-15 cm of the layers than in the lower of 15-30 cm of the layers. The differences in these selected soils physico-chemical properties were in general resulted from the soil and water conservation practices (LSB) implemented in the study watershed which has reduced runoff water, conserve soil and moisture, provide the better infiltration rate and reduce the removal of soil organic matter and soil colloidal. In general the studied soil properties had showed that well improves due to the farmlands treated with LSB while none treated farmlands had showed that decline of the soil properties.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17
Page(s)	146-163
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Watershed, LSB, None-treated and Treated Farmland, Soil Depth and Soil Properties

References

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Ibro, M. A. (2025). The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 10(4), 146-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17

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Ibro, M. A. The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2025, 10(4), 146-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17

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Ibro MA. The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2025;10(4):146-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17,
  author = {Mussa Abdula Ibro},
  title = {The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {146-163},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20251004.17},
  abstract = {Different soil and water conservation (SWC) measures have been constructed on farmlands to control runoff surface water, erosion, sedimentation and conserve soil and water on agricultural fields. This study was entitled with: the effects of level soil bund structure on selected soil properties at Menentela watershed, Habru District North Wello Amhara Regional National State, Ethiopia. Objectives of the study includes: to assess the status of selected soil physico-chemical properties under the two adjacent treatments: treated with LSB (Deko) and none-treated (Doba), to observe the persons correlations between the studied soil properties and further to examine their variations with soil depth. The total of 48 composite soil samples (2 treatments * 3 replications*4 sample plots*2 depth layers: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) were collected and analyzed for soil (%STF), soil MC %, soil BD g/cm3, soil pH (1:2.5 soil: water ratio), SOC %) and CEC meq/100g. Also the total of 48 soil samples were separately collected for the determination of soil bulk density and soil moisture contents. Results had showed that sand, clay, MC and BD were significantly varied with treatments (P3) were the higher in the non-treated farmlands (35.85±0.32, 33.35±0.25 and 1.13±0.02, respectively) than under LSB treated farmlands, while clay, and MC were lower in non-treated farmlands. Silt and clay were declined with soil depth, while, sand, soil MC and soil BD were increased with soil depth. The mean value of soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher under LSB than none-treated farmlands. Moreover, soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher (6.72±0.04, 0.58±0.04 and 34.59±1.18) in the top of 0-15 cm of the layers than in the lower of 15-30 cm of the layers. The differences in these selected soils physico-chemical properties were in general resulted from the soil and water conservation practices (LSB) implemented in the study watershed which has reduced runoff water, conserve soil and moisture, provide the better infiltration rate and reduce the removal of soil organic matter and soil colloidal. In general the studied soil properties had showed that well improves due to the farmlands treated with LSB while none treated farmlands had showed that decline of the soil properties.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia
AU  - Mussa Abdula Ibro
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 146
EP  - 163
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17
AB  - Different soil and water conservation (SWC) measures have been constructed on farmlands to control runoff surface water, erosion, sedimentation and conserve soil and water on agricultural fields. This study was entitled with: the effects of level soil bund structure on selected soil properties at Menentela watershed, Habru District North Wello Amhara Regional National State, Ethiopia. Objectives of the study includes: to assess the status of selected soil physico-chemical properties under the two adjacent treatments: treated with LSB (Deko) and none-treated (Doba), to observe the persons correlations between the studied soil properties and further to examine their variations with soil depth. The total of 48 composite soil samples (2 treatments * 3 replications*4 sample plots*2 depth layers: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) were collected and analyzed for soil (%STF), soil MC %, soil BD g/cm3, soil pH (1:2.5 soil: water ratio), SOC %) and CEC meq/100g. Also the total of 48 soil samples were separately collected for the determination of soil bulk density and soil moisture contents. Results had showed that sand, clay, MC and BD were significantly varied with treatments (P3) were the higher in the non-treated farmlands (35.85±0.32, 33.35±0.25 and 1.13±0.02, respectively) than under LSB treated farmlands, while clay, and MC were lower in non-treated farmlands. Silt and clay were declined with soil depth, while, sand, soil MC and soil BD were increased with soil depth. The mean value of soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher under LSB than none-treated farmlands. Moreover, soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher (6.72±0.04, 0.58±0.04 and 34.59±1.18) in the top of 0-15 cm of the layers than in the lower of 15-30 cm of the layers. The differences in these selected soils physico-chemical properties were in general resulted from the soil and water conservation practices (LSB) implemented in the study watershed which has reduced runoff water, conserve soil and moisture, provide the better infiltration rate and reduce the removal of soil organic matter and soil colloidal. In general the studied soil properties had showed that well improves due to the farmlands treated with LSB while none treated farmlands had showed that decline of the soil properties.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Mussa Abdula Ibro

Department of Watershed Management (Soil and Water Conservation), Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

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Ibro, M. A. (2025). The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 10(4), 146-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17

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Ibro, M. A. The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2025, 10(4), 146-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17

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AMA Style

Ibro MA. The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2025;10(4):146-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17,
  author = {Mussa Abdula Ibro},
  title = {The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {146-163},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20251004.17},
  abstract = {Different soil and water conservation (SWC) measures have been constructed on farmlands to control runoff surface water, erosion, sedimentation and conserve soil and water on agricultural fields. This study was entitled with: the effects of level soil bund structure on selected soil properties at Menentela watershed, Habru District North Wello Amhara Regional National State, Ethiopia. Objectives of the study includes: to assess the status of selected soil physico-chemical properties under the two adjacent treatments: treated with LSB (Deko) and none-treated (Doba), to observe the persons correlations between the studied soil properties and further to examine their variations with soil depth. The total of 48 composite soil samples (2 treatments * 3 replications*4 sample plots*2 depth layers: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) were collected and analyzed for soil (%STF), soil MC %, soil BD g/cm3, soil pH (1:2.5 soil: water ratio), SOC %) and CEC meq/100g. Also the total of 48 soil samples were separately collected for the determination of soil bulk density and soil moisture contents. Results had showed that sand, clay, MC and BD were significantly varied with treatments (P3) were the higher in the non-treated farmlands (35.85±0.32, 33.35±0.25 and 1.13±0.02, respectively) than under LSB treated farmlands, while clay, and MC were lower in non-treated farmlands. Silt and clay were declined with soil depth, while, sand, soil MC and soil BD were increased with soil depth. The mean value of soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher under LSB than none-treated farmlands. Moreover, soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher (6.72±0.04, 0.58±0.04 and 34.59±1.18) in the top of 0-15 cm of the layers than in the lower of 15-30 cm of the layers. The differences in these selected soils physico-chemical properties were in general resulted from the soil and water conservation practices (LSB) implemented in the study watershed which has reduced runoff water, conserve soil and moisture, provide the better infiltration rate and reduce the removal of soil organic matter and soil colloidal. In general the studied soil properties had showed that well improves due to the farmlands treated with LSB while none treated farmlands had showed that decline of the soil properties.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Level Soil Bund Structure on Selected Soil Properties at Menentela Watershed, Habru Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, Regional, National, State, Ethiopia
AU  - Mussa Abdula Ibro
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 146
EP  - 163
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20251004.17
AB  - Different soil and water conservation (SWC) measures have been constructed on farmlands to control runoff surface water, erosion, sedimentation and conserve soil and water on agricultural fields. This study was entitled with: the effects of level soil bund structure on selected soil properties at Menentela watershed, Habru District North Wello Amhara Regional National State, Ethiopia. Objectives of the study includes: to assess the status of selected soil physico-chemical properties under the two adjacent treatments: treated with LSB (Deko) and none-treated (Doba), to observe the persons correlations between the studied soil properties and further to examine their variations with soil depth. The total of 48 composite soil samples (2 treatments * 3 replications*4 sample plots*2 depth layers: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) were collected and analyzed for soil (%STF), soil MC %, soil BD g/cm3, soil pH (1:2.5 soil: water ratio), SOC %) and CEC meq/100g. Also the total of 48 soil samples were separately collected for the determination of soil bulk density and soil moisture contents. Results had showed that sand, clay, MC and BD were significantly varied with treatments (P3) were the higher in the non-treated farmlands (35.85±0.32, 33.35±0.25 and 1.13±0.02, respectively) than under LSB treated farmlands, while clay, and MC were lower in non-treated farmlands. Silt and clay were declined with soil depth, while, sand, soil MC and soil BD were increased with soil depth. The mean value of soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher under LSB than none-treated farmlands. Moreover, soil pH, SOC and CEC were the higher (6.72±0.04, 0.58±0.04 and 34.59±1.18) in the top of 0-15 cm of the layers than in the lower of 15-30 cm of the layers. The differences in these selected soils physico-chemical properties were in general resulted from the soil and water conservation practices (LSB) implemented in the study watershed which has reduced runoff water, conserve soil and moisture, provide the better infiltration rate and reduce the removal of soil organic matter and soil colloidal. In general the studied soil properties had showed that well improves due to the farmlands treated with LSB while none treated farmlands had showed that decline of the soil properties.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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